As the children of Israel departed Egypt, pharaoh and the Egyptians began to have a change of heart. They regretted allowing the Hebrews to leave and wanted to re-enslave them. God knew this would be the case and He hardened pharaoh’s heart, telling Moses to change Israel’s travel directions to appear as if they were lost and confused.
After giving the Israelites instructions on how to observe the Passover and Unleavened Bread, Moses also commanded the nation to set apart all the firstborn of man and animals to God. This was also done to commemorate God’s great deliverance of the Jews from Egyptian slavery. And as an additional visual teaching tool to help successive generations remember this deliverance, Moses also instructed the usage of phylacteries.
Moses continues instructing the elders of Israel how to observe the rites of the feasts of Passover and Unleavened Bread. He informs them that these ritual practices are to be observed from each successive generation. They are to commemorate God’s great deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. He continues to give instructions on how non-Israelites (non-Jews) are to celebrate the Passover if they are believers in the God of Israel.
After instructing Moses on how the Israelites are to observe the Passover, God continues instructing Moses to tell them to observe an additional ritual immediately following – the Feast of Unleavened Bread. This was a seven day observance where no leavened bread was to be eaten under threat of divine judgment. It signified holy (sinless) living before God in response to His great deliverance (Passover).
Before God strikes Egypt with His last great plague, He commands Moses to instruct the Israelites to perform a specific custom that will allow death to pass them by – the Passover. It will be in the killing and appropriating the blood of a lamb that will allow he angel of death to pass by God’s people.
After darkness plagues Egypt for three days, God sends Moses to pharaoh one last time. This time Moses tells him that this strike will come at midnight, killing the firstborn of Egypt. He tells him that the cry of Egypt will be so great that pharaoh’s servants will beg Moses and his people to leave Egypt. This will be God’s final strike that will bring all of Egypt to its knees.
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