It is very important to understand how the New Testament writers quoted the Old, because sometimes there is confusion in HOW the quote is being used and worse than that, there might be an error in the New Testament.
This section deals with personal liability – liability for harm caused to the unborn, for injury to a slave, injuries caused by animals and negligence.
As the people began to withdraw from the awesome display of God’s presence, Moses drew near to the thick cloud on Mount Sinai; and God continued giving him His laws. In this section God deals with laws governing slavery, the death penalty and personal injury.
As the people are at the base of Mount Sinai, God begins to speak to them His covenantal laws. It is here that we have what is called the Ten Commandments. These become foundational upon which God will set forth the rest (603) of His commandments in the Law of Moses (613 total commandments). But in the midst of God’s great display upon the mountain, the people become very afraid and asks Moses to relay God’s words to them.
After three months since the Israelites left Egypt, they finally arrive at Mount Sinai, where God had first spoken to Moses. God instructs Moses to offer them a unique covenantal relationship to Him; and they enthusiastically agree. He continues to tell Moses to tell the people to prepare to encounter Him in three days at the foot of the mountain. On the third day, God comes down from heaven in great power of presence and makes Himself known in the sight of all the people.
While encamped at Rephidim, Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, brings his wife and two sons back to him after hearing of the great things that God has done for His people. He greets him and enjoys a meal as Moses tells him in greater details of all the things that God has done. The next day he observes how Moses judged the disputes between all the people.
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